复习总结(减缩a)

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1、Topic1InnovationA.0innovationvs.InventionInnovation指将新的发明变成可以投入市场的产品和服务Invention指将想法变成实物区别：innovation是建立在technicalinvention的基础上，开发了invention的经济价值。E.g：SinclairC5ElectricVehicleA.1Typesofinno:1.ProductInnovation:Thedevelopmentofneworimprovedproduct;2.Processandproductioninnovation3.Organiza

2、tionalinnovation:new-part,communicationsystem,venturedivision;4.Managementinnovation:TQMsystem,BPR;5.Commercial/marketinginnovation:financingplan，salesplan6.Serviceinnovation:onlineservicesA.2Sourceofinno:1.studyinuniversity2.workinindustry3.marketdemandA.3Modelsofinno:1.Serendipity2.Line

3、armodels(a.technologypushb.marketpullc.universities&industryliaison)3.Simultaneouscoupling(a.manufacturingb.R&Dc.marketing)4.interactiveA.4Innocompany:1.Growthorientation：Acommitmenttolong-termgrowthratherthanshort-termprofit.2.Vigilance:theabilityoforganizationtoknowitsthreatsandopportun

4、ities.3.Commitmenttotechnology:thewillingnesstoinvestinthelong-termdevelopmentoftechnology4.Acceptanceofrisks:thewillingnesstoincluderiskyopportunitiesinabalancedportfolio.5.Cross-functionalcooperation:Mutualrespectamongindividualsandawillingnesstoworktogetheracrossfunctions.6.Receptivity

5、:theabilitytoknow,identifyandtakeeffectiveadvantageofexternallydevelopedtechnology.7.”slack”:anabilitytomanagetheinnovationdilemmaandprovideroomforcreativity.8.Adaptability:areadinesstoacceptchange.9.Diverserangeofskills:acombinationofspecializationanddiversityofknowledgeandskills.A.5Unce

6、rtainty2方面：1.Uncertaintyabouttheends项目最终的目标究竟是什么.2.Uncertaintyaboutthemeans(how)31Quadrant1：Exploratoryresearch(e.g.UniversitiesMicrosoftCampus,Seattle)highlevelofuncertainty

7、carriedoutin42university

8、technologyisn’tunderstandQuadrant2：DevelopmentEngineering(e.g.Lookingforthemeanstofulfill

9、amarketneedorcontinuousprocessimprovement)theendtargetisclear.

10、themeanshavenotbeenidentifiedeg.ThomasEdison–theincandescentlampQuadrant3：Applicationsengineering(e.g.Post-itNotes)certaintyonthetargetisclear

11、Quadrant4：Combiningmarketopportunitieswithtechnicalcapabilit