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1、GrammarLevel3:PhrasesAphraseislikeaflyingformationofbirds;itissomethingmadeupofsomethings.Itisapartofspeechmadeofsomewords.Aphraseisnotacompleteidea,becauseitisagroupofwordswhichcontainsnosubject/predicatesetandwhichonlyactsasasinglepartofspeech.Inotherwords,aphraseisanelaboration.Phras
2、esandClausesDifferencebetweenaphraseandaclause:Bothphrasesandclausesaregroupsofwords,butaclausecontainsbothasubjectandapredicate,andaphrasedoesnot.Example:Ijumped(clause)intheboat(phrase)AppositivePhraseAnappositiveisaninterruptingdefinition.Itiscalledanappositivebecauseitisput(pos)besi
3、de(ap)whatitdefines.Anappositivemaybeonlyonewordoritmayconsistofanentirephrase.Appositivesareenclosedbycommas,unlesstheyareexceptionallyshortandclearbythemselves.AppositivePhraseExample:Mort,thehoarypedagogue,istall.MyfriendBobistall.Wealwaysencloseappositivestatesandappositiveyearsinco
4、mmas:Marion,NorthCarolina,isatthefootofthemountains.June20,1997,isthedateoftheliftoff.PrepositionalPhraseAprepositionalphrasebeginswithaprepositionandconcludeswiththeobjectofapreposition.Theprepositionrelatesitsobjecttoanotherwordinthesentence.Example:thedogintheboatTheprepositioninshow
5、saspatialrelationshipbetweentheitsobject(boat)andthenoundog.PrepositionalPhrasePrepositionalphrasesbehaveasmodifiers.Theyactlikebigadjectivesandbigadverbs.Example:Thedogintheboatbarked.Heretheprepositionalphraseintheboatactsasabigadjectivetomodifythenoundog.PrepositionalPhrasetheobjecto
6、fthepreposition:Theobjectofaprepositionmusteitherbeanounoranobjectpronoun(me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them).Example:Thisisapresentforyouandme.(Correct)ThisisapresentforyouandI.(Incorrect)Thisletterisforhimandme.SheandIwentwithyouandhim.Iaskedaquestionaboutherandus.PrepositionalPhraseadject
7、iveprepositionalphrases:Prepositionalphraseswhichmodifynounsorpronounsshouldbeplacedimmediatelyafterthenounorpronountheymodify.Ifyoudon’tdothis:theadjectiveprepositionalphrasewillappeartomodifytheverb.Thinkthroughthelogicofthefollowingsentence:Onthebeach,thedogbarkedatthedogint
