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1、保护性耕作条件下旱地农田麦2豆双序列轮作体系的水分动态及产量效应黄高宝1,郭清毅1,张仁陟2,逄蕾1,GuangdiLI3,KwongYinCHAN4,于爱忠1(11甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070;21甘肃农业大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730070;31NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustry,WaggaWagga,NSW2650,Australia;41NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustry,Richmond,NSW2753,Australia)摘要:保护性耕作(conservationtillage)能够减
2、少水土流失、提高耕地产量,是一类具有生态保护意义的持续性农业耕作形式。2002年至2004年在定西旱地农业地区进行了保护性耕作条件下旱地农田春小麦2豌豆双序列轮作土壤水分动态及产量效应的试验研究,结果表明:保护性耕作能够显著改善0~200cm土层土壤贮水量及含水量,随着降水量的增多土壤对降水的保蓄能力增强。在降水较少年份免耕秸秆覆盖的这种作用表现突出,而在降水充沛的年份免耕地膜覆盖则更具优势。耕层土壤水分因受降水等因素的影响而变化剧烈,耕层以下土壤水分变幅相对较小。播种期、五叶期及收获期土壤具有较高含水量,而开花期土壤含水量则较低。在两种轮作体系中,播种期春小麦
3、和豌豆免耕秸秆覆盖处理0~50cm土层含水量分别较常规耕作增加28%、26%和11%、23%,降水生产效率较常规耕作提高了17179%~26181%。在春小麦2豌豆轮作体系中免耕秸秆覆盖处理的作物产量(春小麦+豌豆)及水分利用效率分别为3420kgΠhm2和8111kgΠ(hm2·mm),较常规耕作分别提高26181%和25139%。关键词:保护性耕作;旱地;双序列轮作;水分动态;水分利用效率(WUE)文章编号:100020933(2006)0421176210中图分类号:S152.7;S157.4+2文献标识码:AEffectsofconservationti
4、llageonsoilmoistureandcropyieldinaphasedrotationsystemwithspringwheatandfieldpeaindrylandHUANGGao2Bao1,GUOQing2Yi1,ZHANGRen2Zhi2,PANGLei1,GuangdiLI3,KwongYinCHAN4,YUAi-Zhong1(1.FacultyofAgronomy,GansuAgriculturalUniversity,Gansu,Lanzhou730070,China;2.FacultyofResourceandEnvironment,G
5、ansuAgriculturalUniversity,Gansu,Lanzhou730070,China;3.NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustry,WaggaWagga,NSW2650,Australia;4.NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustry,Richmond,NSW2753,Australia).ActaEcologicaSinica,2006,26(4):1176~1185.Abstract:Conservationtillagecanreducewaterandsoilerosionandimprovec
6、ropyields.Itisakindofsustainablefarmingsystemwhichisbeneficialfortheenvironment.EffectsofconservationtillageonsoilwaterdynamicandcropyieldinaphasedrotationsystemswithspringwheatandfieldpeawerestudiedindrylandinthemiddleoftheLoessPlateau,Dingxi,Gansufrom2002to2004.Resultsshowedthatcon
7、servationtillageincreasedsoilwaterstorageandsoilmoisturein0~200cmdepthastherainfallincreased.Thiseffectwasmoreobviousonno2tillagewithstrawcoverinthedrieryears,andonno2tillagewithplasticmulchinthedeepdepth.Thesoilmoistureattopsoilvariedgreatlywithprecipitationandotherclimaticfactors,w
8、hereassoilmo