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1、摘要电子负载的原理是控制内功率MOSFET或晶体管的导通量,靠功率管的耗散功率消耗电能的设备,它的基本工作方式有恒压、恒流、恒阻、恒功率这几种。本设计从直流电子负载系统方案分析入手,详细讨论了整个系统的硬件电路和软件实现,并给出较为合理的解决方案。为便于控制的实现和功能的扩展,采用了STC89C52单片机作为核心控制器,设计了DA输出控制电路、AD电压电流检测电路、键盘电路、显示电路和驱动电路,通过软、硬件的协调配合,实现了整个设计。通过运放、PI调节器及负反馈控制环路来控制MOSFET的栅极电压,从而达到其内阻变化。这个控制环路是整个电路的核心实
2、质,MOS管在这里既作为电流的控制器件同时也作为被测电源的负载。控制MOS管的导通量,其内阻发生相应的变化,从而达到流过该电子负载的电流恒定,实现恒流工作模式。本设计能实现电子负载的恒流控制:能够检测被测电源的电流、电压及功率并由液晶显示。在额定使用环境下,恒流方式时不论输入电压如何变化(在一定范围内),电子负载将根据设定值来吸收电流,流过该电子负载的电流恒定。关键词:电子负载;恒流模式;PI调节器;AD转换;DA转换ABSTRACTTheprincipleofelectronicloadiscontroloftransistorsinsidepo
3、werMOSFETortheguidefluxofpowertube,itisaconsumptionpowerequipmentwhichdependsonthedissipationpoweroftube,therearefourbasicworkingwaysthatpersistencepressure,constantcurrent,theconstantresistance,constantpower.ThisdesignstartwiththeanalysisofDCelectricloadsystemsolutions,itdisc
4、ussedtherealizationofthewholesystemhardwarecircuitandsoftwareindetail,andgiveareasonablesolution.Inordertorealizethecontrolandtheexpansionoffunctionconveniently,weadoptedtheSTC89C52microcontrollerasthecorecontroller,anddesignedtheDAoutputcontrolcircuit,ADvoltagecurrentdetectio
5、ncircuit,keyboardcircuit,displaycircuitanddrivecircuit,throughthecoordinationbetweenhardwareandsoftware,finally,werealizedthewholedesign.PIadjusterandnegativefeedbackcontrolloopofthecircuitwhichcontrolthegridvoltageofMOSFET,soastochangeitsresistance.Thecoreessencesaretheop-amp
6、,MOStubeherebothasacontroldeviceandasapowerloadtested.ControllingtheguidefluxoftheMOStube,theresistanceoftheMOStubewillchangeaccordingly,thusthecurrentwhichflowstheelectronicloadcurrentwillconstant,Atlast,werealizedconstantcurrentworkpattern.ThisdesigncanrealizetheConstant-cur
7、rentcontroloftheelectronicload:itcanmeasuredthecurrent,voltageandpowerofMeasuredpowerandtheLCDdisplay.Ifitusesituationsinrated,nomatterhowtheinputvoltagechangeintheconstant-currentmode(withinacertainrange),theelectronicloadwillbebasedonsettingtoabsorbthecurrent,thecurrentwhich
8、flowstheelectronicloadwillconstant.Keywords:electronicload;co