词汇学名词解释2.doc

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1、1、英语词汇概述：（8%） （1）英语词汇的谱系关系及其历史发展：英语的谱系关系；英语的三个发展阶段。 （2）英语词汇的构成：基本词汇与专用词汇；英语词汇中的本族词与外来词。 （3）英语词汇的三大特点：数量大、来源广、变化多。 ‘Indo-European’印欧语系WithVikings’invasion,manyScandinavianwordsatleast900wordsofScandinavianoriginhavesurvivedinmodernEnglish.OldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout50,000to60,000words.Itw

2、asahighlyinflectedlanguagejustlikemodernGerman.1.Word词---Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.2．Vocabulary词汇——Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect，agivenbook，agivensub

3、jectandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.3.basicwordstock基本词汇isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.Thoughwordsofthebasicwordstockconstituteasmall14percentageoftheEnglishvocab

4、ulary,yetitisthemostimportantpartofit.Thesewordshaveobviouscharacteristics.（1）Allnationalcharacter全民性.Wordsofthebasicwordstockdenotethemostcommonthingsandphenomenaoftheworldaroundus,whichareindispensabletoallthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage。Theyincludewordsrelatingtothefollowingrespects:Naturalp

5、henomena/Humanbodyandrelations/Namesofplantsandanimals/Action,size,domain,state/Numerals,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions （2）Stability稳定性.Wordsofthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcenturies.（3）Productivity多产性.Wordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.Theycaneachbeusedalon

6、e,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.（4）Polysemy多义性.Wordsbelongingtothebasicwordstockoftenpossessmorethanonemeaningbecausemostofthemhaveundertonesemanticchangesinthecourseofuseandbecomepolysemous.（5）Collocability搭配性.Manywordsofthebasicwordstockquiteanumberofsetexpression

7、s,idiomaticusages,proverbialsayingsandthelike.4.nonbasicwordsstock非基本词汇Words,voidofthestatedcharacteristics,donotbelongtothecommoncoreofthelanguage.Theyincludethefollowing.（1）Terminology术语consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacadem