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1、Chaper3TheProkaryotesSection1BacteriaSection2ActinomycetesSection3CyanobacteriaSection4ArchaeobacteriaSection5OtherprokaryotesSize,Shape,andArrangementofBacterialCellsMostbacteriafallwithinarangefrom0.2to2.0μmindiameterandfrom2to8μminlength.Theyhaveafewbasic
2、shapes-sphericalcoccus(plural,cocci,meaningberries),rod-shapedbacillus(plural,bacilli,meaninglittlestaffs),andspiral.Cm=10-2metermm=10-3meterμm=10-6meternm=10-9meterBacteriaThethousandsofspeciesofbacteriaaredifferentiatedbymanyfactors,includingmorphology(sha
3、pe),chemicalcomposition(oftendetectedbystainingreactions),nutritionalrequirements,biochemicalactivities,andsourceofenergy(sunlightorchemicals).Howtoidentifyanunknownbacterialspecies?ArrangementofSphericalBacterialCellsdiplococcistreptococcitetracoccisarcinae
4、staphylococciSphericalcoccusTheMicrococcaceaeThefamilyMicrococcaceaecontainsgram-positivecocci,0.5-2.5μmindiameter,thatdivideinmorethanoneplanetoformregularorirregularclustersofcells.Allareaerobicorfacultativelyanaerobic.Thepeptidoglycandi-aminoacidisL-lysin
5、e.Thethreemostimportantgeneraare:MicrococcusStaphylococcusStreptococcusMicrococcus–aerobic,gram-positive,catalasepositive,cellarrangesmainlyinpairs,tetrads,orirregularclusters,nonmotile.Theyareoftenyellow,orangeorredincolourStaphylococcus-facultativelyanaero
6、bic,gram-positive,usuallyformirregularclusters,nonmotile,catalasepositivebutoxidasenegative,fermentglucoseanaerobically.staphylococcistaphylococciStreptococcus-facultativelyanaerobicormicroaerophilic,catalasenegative,gram-positive,Cellarrangesinpairsorchains
7、,usuallynonmotile,Afewspeciesareanaerobicratherthanfacultative.Bacillidivideonlyacrosstheirshortaxis,sotherearefewergroupingsofbacillithanofcocci.Rod-shapedbacteriaDiplobacillistreptobacilliSinglebacillusCoccobacillusClostridiumbotulinusC.butyricumC.aceticum
8、C.tetaniC.putrificumBacillussubtilis,B.MycoidesB.PastturiiB.megateriumB.ThuringiensisB.AnthracisB.BotulinusB.cereusSpore-formingrodshapedbacteriaAlmostallSpore-formingbacteriaareGram+Clostridium
