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1、Class5.MotivationTheory§5.1conceptMotivation:thewillingnesstoexerthighlevelsofefforttowardorganizationalgoals,conditionedbytheeffort’sabilitytosatisfysomeindividualneedNeed:someinternalstatethatmakescertainoutcomesappearattractiveProcess:unsatisfiedne
2、ed---tension---drives---searchbehavior---satisfiedneed----reductionoftensionClass5.MotivationTheory§5.2EarlytheoryofMotivationThe1950swereafruitfulperiodinthedevelopmentofmotivationconcepts.3specifictheorieswereformulatedduringthistime1.HierarchyofNee
3、dsTheoryAbrahamMaslowThereisahierarchyof5needs---physiological,safety,social,esteem,&self-actualization---andaseachneedissequentiallysatisfied,thenextneedbecomesdominantSeparation:Lowerorderneeds---needsthataresatisfiedexternally;physiological&safetyn
4、eedsreview:1.intuitivelylogical,easeofunderstanding,receivingwiderecognition,particularlyamongpracticingmanagers.2.littleempiricalsupport2.TheoryXandTheoryYDouglasMcGregorproposed2distinctviewsofhumanbeingTheassumptionthatemployeesdislikework,arelazy,
5、dislikeresponsibility,&mustbecoercedtoperformemployeesdislikework&,wheneverpossible,willattempttoavoidit;Theymustbecoerced,controlled,orthreatenedwithpunishmenttoachievegoals;avoidresponsibilities&seekformaldirectionwheneverpossible;Mostworkersplacese
6、curityaboveallotherfactorsassociatedwithwork&willdisplaylittleambitionTheoryY:Theassumptionthatemployeeslikework,arecreative,seekresponsibility,&canexerciseself-directionhigherorderneedsdominateindividuals3.Motivation-HygieneTheoryFrederickHerzberg,in
7、dividual’srelationtohisworkIntrinsicfactorsarerelatedtojobsatisfaction,whileextrinsicfactorsareassociatedwithdissatisfactionsatisfaction,NosatisfactionHygienefactors:thosefactors---suchascompanypolicy&administration,supervision,&salary---that,whenadeq
8、uateinjob,placateworkers.Whenthesefactorsareadequate,peoplewillnotbedissatisfiedClass5.MotivationTheory§5.2ContemporarytheoryofMotivationhavingonethingincommon:eachhasareasonabledegreeofvalidsupportingdocumentation1.ERGtheoryClaytonAlderferofY
