物理名词中英文对照小表.doc

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1、物理名词中英文对照小表机械振动mechanicalvibration简谐振动simpleharmonicoscillation振幅amplitude周期period频率ferquency赫兹hertz单摆simplependulum受迫振动forcedvibration共振resonnance机械波mechanicalwave介质medium横波transversewave纵波longitudinalwave波长wavelength超声波supersonicwave阿伏加德罗常数Avogadroconstant布朗运动Brownmation热运动thermalmotion

2、热力学能thermalenergy内能internalenergy热力学第一定律firstlawofthermodynamics能量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy热力学第二定律secondlawofthermodynamics各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy单晶体singlecrystal(monocrystal)多晶体ploycrystal表面张力surfacetension毛细现象capillarity液晶liquidcrystal电荷electriccharge电荷量queantitydfelectricity正电荷p

3、ositivecharg负电荷negativecharg库仑定律Coulomblaw静电感应electrostaticinduction感应电荷inducdecharge元电荷elementarycharge电荷守恒定律lawofconservationofcharge库仑（电荷单位）coulomb电场electricfileld电场强度electricfieldstrength电场线electricpotential电势electricpotential电势差/电压electricpotentialdifference伏特volt电容capacitance电容器capa

4、citor法拉（电容单位）farad电流electriccurrent安培（电流单位）ampere电阻resistance欧姆（电阻单位）ohm电动势electormotiveforce(e.m.f.)半导体semiconductor超导体superconductor磁性magnetism磁场magneticfield磁感线magneticinductionline安培定则Ampererule安培力Ampereforce磁感应强度magneticinduction左手定则left-handrule洛伦兹力Lorentzforce磁通量magneticflux电磁感应elc

5、tromagneticinduction感应电流inductioncurrent感应电动势inductionelectromotiveforce电磁感应定律lawofelectromagneticinduction右手定则right-handrule自感self-induction交流alternatingcurrent瞬时值instantaneousvalue峰值peakvalue有效值effectivevalue电感inductance变压器transformer电能electricenergy电磁场electromagneticfield电磁波electromagn

6、eticwave雷达radar光线lightray平行光parallellight实象realimage虚象virtualimage折射refaction入射角incidentangle反射角reflectionangle折射角diffractionangle折射率diffractionindex全反射totalreflection临界角criticalangle光导纤维opticalfiber棱镜prism色散dispersion光谱spectrum波的衍射diffractionofwave波的干涉interferenceofwaves红外线infraredray紫外线

7、ultravioletrayX射线X-ray电磁波谱electromagneticeffect光电效应photoelectriceffect光子photon普朗克常数Planckconstant波粒二象性wave-particleduality概率波probabilitywave物质波matterwave激光laser电子electron质子proton中子neutron核子nucleon同位数isotope原子核nucleus能级energylevel基态groundstate激发态excitedstate跃迁transit