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1、2019-2020年高考英语非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能名称形式特点功能不定式Todo具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的一些特征在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，有形式变化动名词Doing（v+ing）具有名词、形容词、动词的一些特征在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语，有形式变化分词Doing（v+ing）Done（v+ed具有形容词、副词的一些特征在句中可做表语、定语、状语、补足语，现在分词有形式变化IttakessbsometimetodoKind,clever,wise,nice形容词既表示人物特征，Foolis
2、h,stupid,honest,又表示说话人对不定式Right,correct,wrong,+ofsb动作的评价；形容词与Rude,cruel,careless,介词宾语成主谓关系Lazy,selfish,horrible如：It‘skindofyoutohelpme。=Youarekindtohelpme。Easy,hard,difficultPossible,necessary,形容词说明不定式行为的Important,essential,+forsb性质,与介词宾语不具有Interesting,unusual,………..主
3、谓关系Interesting,natural如:It’seasyformetolearnEnglish.=TolearnEnglishiseasyforme.2..表语Myjobistoattendthechildren.(不定式作表语时,如在它前出现了do,did,does时,不定式符号to可省掉,例:whatyouhavetodothisafternoonis(to)lookafterthesickchild.)3.定语Ihavealotofworktodo.//Shehasnoplacetogo.4.宾语Ihopetogo
4、toDalianagain.Ifinditinterestingtoplaytheviolin.(不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到后面)5.宾补Theteachertoldustocleanthewindows.Inoticedtheboygointotheshop.注:feel,listento,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,make,let,have等使役动词后宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略,但这些句子变为被动语态时,就必须带to符
5、号.例:Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.Heisoftenheardtosingthissong.6.状语表示目的:Igotupearlyto(inorderto/soasto)catchtheearlybus.To/Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.(soasto不能用于句首)表示原因:Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.Iamsorrytohavehurtyou.表示结果:IhurriedhometofindMarywaitingforme.(不定式作结
6、果状语时,常表示未预料之中的事,可在不定式前加only)表示条件:Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.修饰全句(独立成分)Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.不定式做状语的常用句型类别句型原因Behappy/glad/pleased/delighted/sorry….+todoSheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.Helookedhappytohearthenews.I’msorryto
7、havekeptyouwaiting.目的InordertodoSoastodoI’vewrittenitdowninordernottoforget.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Go/eanddosthIfheshouldreturn,eandfindme结果Soastodo…Such…astodo…EnoughtodoToo…todoWouldyoubesokindastolandmeyourbike?I’mnotsuchafoolishman/sofoolishmanastodotha
8、t.Herillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.Itwastoolatefortheretobeanytaxis.注:1)too+pleased/kind/willing/gla
