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1、词汇学整理一、选择题25题25分1.从规约走向描述的里程碑词典是：OED(P.237)2.同义词的特征？（P.125）Synonymouswordgroupacommondenotativecomponentbringsthewordstogether.3.习语的特征？(P.190)Idiomsareusuallysemanticallyopaqueandarecharacterizedbystructuralinvariability.4.古代英语Archaicwordsarewordsnolong
2、erincommonuse,howevertheyareretainedforspecialpurpose,theyaresometimesemployedinpoetry,businessletters,legaldocuments,religiousspeeches,andprose,(markedarch.Oraic.)whereasobsoletewordsjustrefertothewordscompletelyoutofcurrentuse.markedobs.(olete.)ordate
3、dinadictionary.5.语境的分类(P.152-P155)Linguistic(orverbal)contextsorextra-linguistic（ornonverbal）candeterminethemeaningsofwords,esp.thoseofpolysemouswords.1.Linguistic(orverbal)contexts:Lexicalcontext,Lexicalcontextreferstothelexicalitemscombinedwithagivenp
4、olysemousword.(seetheexamplesof"make"onp.153)Grammaticalcontext,Ingrammaticalcontext,thesyntacticstructureofthecontextdeterminesvariousindividualmeaningsofapolysemousword.(seetheexamplesof"take"invarioussettingsonp.153)However,itisnotsufficienttoindicat
5、ealltheindividualmeaningsofagivenword.(seetheexamplesconcerningthedifferentmeaningsofthesamepattern"get+n."onp.154)VerbalcontextTheverbalcontext,initsbroadestsense,maycoveranentirepassag,orevenanentirebook,andinsomecaseseventheentiresocialorculturalsett
6、ing,asstatedatthebeginningofthechapter.2.Extra-linguistic/contextofsituation:1)Theactualspeechsituationinwhichaword(oranutterance,oraspeechevent)occurs.(seetheexampleof"operation"onp.155)2)Theentireculturalbackgroundagainstwhichaword,oranutteranceoraspe
7、echeventhastobeset(seetheexampleof"peasant"and"farmer"onp.156)6.?两个单词有相同的部分，根据什么来猜意义？Componentialanalysisandsemanticfeatures7.理据？(P.94-95)Motivationcanbeclassifiedintothreetypes:1)Phoneticmotivation;Wordsmotivatedphoneticallyarecalledechoicwordsoronomat
8、opoeicwords,whosepronunciationsuggeststhemeaning.2)Morphologicalmotivation;Wesaythatthewordismorphologicallymotivated,foradirectconnectioncanbeobservedbetweenthemorphemicstructureofthewordanditsmeaning.Ifweknowthemeaningoftheaffi
