A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Language

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1、AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseLanguage1.TheComparativeStudyinGrammarofEnglishandChinese•1.1PartofSpeech•1.1.1Classificationinpartofspeech•Thereare11partsofspeechinChinese,whilethere’re10inEnglish.ArticlesdonotexistinChinese,and“量词”and“助词”donotexistinEnglish.E-C•增加量词•Aredsunroseslowly

2、fromthecalmsea.•一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。•Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon.•一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里了。E-C•Astreamwaswindingitswaythroughthevalleyintotheriver.•一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去。E-C•增加语气助词•Don’ttakeitseriously.I’mjustmakingfunofyou.•不要认真嘛，我不过是开个玩笑罢了。•Thelittleboyhadbroughtwithhimknife,scissorsandwha

3、tnot,tinklinginhispocket.•这个小孩随身带着刀子啦，剪子啦，以及诸如此类的东西，在口袋里丁零当啷地直响。C-E•Isawaboyandagirlonmywayhome.Theboyhadabookandthegirladoll.•我回家时看见一个男孩子和一个女孩子。男孩子拿着一本书，女孩子抱着一个洋娃娃。•Aboyisalwaysaboy.•孩子总是孩子。Comparisonofthewordform•Chinese:isolatedlanguage;analyticlanguage•English:inflectionallanguage;synt

4、heticlanguageThewordformationofEnglish•Affixation缀合法•Conversion转化法•Compounding复合法ThewordformationofChinese•CompoundingisthemainwayforChinesewordformation,althoughtherearecertainnumberof“affixes”inChinese,suchas“阿”，“子”etc.Thesimilaritiesinthecompoundingofthetwolanguages•主谓式•E.g.sunrise,hear

5、tbreak,地震，头痛•动宾式•pickpocket,行政，关心•修饰限定关系•raindrop,watchdog,白糖，夕阳，铅笔Thedifferencesofthecompoundingofthetwolanguages•1.汉语复合词大多数是并列关系，与英语复合词相比，这是一个典型特征•同义联合：海洋、文学、追逐、贯穿•反义联合：始终、甘苦、呼吸、供求•类义联合：尺寸、斤两、江山、穿戴2.汉语中还有两种独特的合成词构成方式•2.1表示属概念的词加上修饰语素就可以形成一个词族。2.2以某一语素为出发点，与一系列语素合成一个语义相关的词族•1.1.2Wordswith

6、morethanonepartofspeech•InChinesemostofthewordsfunctionasonepartofspeech,withonlyafewbeingusedasmorethanonepartofspeech.ButinEnglishthingsarequitedifferent:commonwordsoftenhavemorethanonepartofspeech.Examples•Chinesewordswithmulti-partofspeech•报告(v.)非洲之行/一个生动的报告(n.)•很活跃(adj.)/活跃(v.)了市场•一个完

7、整的系统(n.)/很系统(adj.)•Englishwordswithmulti-partofspeech•loose•aloosebuttonadj.•Heloosedthestrapsthatboundherarms.v.•Threeprisonersarestillontheloose.n.•down•Heisnotdownyet.adj.•She’llcomedownandseeyou.adv.•Hewalkeddownthestreet.prep.•Theydownedthreeenemy’splanes