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1、《英语词汇学》重要术语One:1.Nativewords本族词WordsofAnglo-SaxonoriginorofOldEnglisharenativewords.2.Loanwords借词Wordsborrowedfromotherlanguagesareloanwordsorborrowedwords.3.Slangwords俚语Slangwordsarethosewordsofavigorous,colourful,facetious,ortaboonature,inventedforspecificoccasions,oru
2、ses,orderivedfromtheunconventionaluseofthestandardvocabulary.4.Functionwords功能词Functionwordsareoftenshortwordssuchasdeterminers,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliariesthatservegrammaticallymorethananythingelse.5.Contentwords实义词Contentwordsareusedtonameobjects,qualities,act
3、ions,processesorstates,andhaveindependentlexicalmeaning.6.Freeforms自由形式Formswhichoccurassentencesarefreeforms. Two:1.Morphemes语素MorphemesarethesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitsofEnglishlanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.2.Allomorphs语素变体Allomorphsareanyoft
4、hevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.3.Freemorpheme自由语素Freemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.4.Boundmorpheme粘着语素Boundmorphemecannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutteranceandmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorbound.5.Root词根Rooti
5、sthebasicunchangeablepartofawordanditconveysthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.6.Affix词缀Affixisacollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.7.Inflectionalaffix屈折词缀Inflectionalaffixservestoexpresssuchmeaningsasplurality,tense,andthecomparati
6、veorsuperlativedegree.8.Derivationalaffix派生词缀Derivationalaffixisthekindofaffixesthathasspecificlexicalmeaninghandcanderiveawordwhenitisaddedtoanothermorpheme.9.Prefixes前缀Prefixesareaffixesaddedbeforewords.10.Suffixes后缀Suffixesareaffixesaddedafterwords. Three1.Word-forma
7、tionrules构词规则Word-formationrulesdefinethescopeandmethodswherebyspeakersofalanguagemaycreatenewwords.2.Stem词干Stemisthepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenallinflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.3.Base词基Baseisanyformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.4.Compounding合成法Compounding
8、isaword-formationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit.5.Derivation派生法Derivationoraffi
