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1、1)表层次:first,firstly,tobeginwith,further,inthefirstplacesecond,secondly,tostartwith,still,furthermorethird,thirdly,whatismore,last,lastbutnotleastalso,andthen,next,besidesandequallyimportanttoomoreoverbesidesinaddtionfinally2)表转折；bycontrastalthoughthoughyetatthesametimebutdespitethefactthatevens
2、oincontrastneverthelesseventhoughforallthatnotwithstandingonthecontararyhoweverinspiteofontheotherhandotherwiseinsteadstillregardless3)表因果；therforeconsequentlybecauseofforthereasonthushenceduetoowingtosoaccordinglythankstoonthisaccountsinceasonthataccountinthiswayforasaresultasaconsequence4）表让步
3、：stillneverthelessconcessiongrantednaturallyinspiteofallthesameofcoursedespiteevensoafterall5)表递近：furthermoremoreoverlikewisewhatismorebesidesalsonotonly...butalso...tooinaddtion6)表举例：forexampleforinstanceforonethingthatistoillustrateasanillustrationacaseinpoint7)表解释：asamatteroffactfranklyspeak
4、inginthiscasenamelyinotherwords8)表总结：insummary,inaword,thus,ashasbeensaidinbrief,inconclusion,altogether,inotherwordstoconclude,infact,finally,insimplertermsinshort,inparticular,thatisinotherwords,ofcourse,onthewhole,toputitdifferentlynamely,inall,therefore,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,tosummar
5、ize,insummary英文论文写作1.Introduction：A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性？在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。如：However, littleinformation(littleattention/littlework/littledata/littleresearch……)(orfewstudies/fewinvestigations/fewresearchers/fewattempts……)(orno/noneofthesestudies……)has(have)beendoneon(fo
6、cusedon/attemptedto/conducted/investigated/studied(withrespectto))。如：Previousresearch(studies,records)has(have)failedto consider/ignored/misinterpreted/neglectedto/overestimated,underestimated/misleaded.thus,thesepreviusresultsareinconclisive,misleading,unsatisfactory,questionable,controversial
7、.Uncertainties(discrepancies)stillexist……研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作：However,dataisstillscarce(rare,lessaccurate)orthereisstilldearthof……Weneedto(aimto,haveto)providemoredocuments(data,records,studies,increasethedataset).Furtherst
