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1、附录一英文原文Anti-lockbrakingsystemFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaAnanti-lockbrakingsystem(ABS)isasafetysystemthatallowsthewheelsonamotorvehicletocontinueinteractingtractivelywiththeroadsurfaceasdirectedbydriversteeringinputswhilebraking,preventingthewheelsfro
2、mlockingup(thatis,ceasingrotation)andthereforeavoidingskidding.AnABSgenerallyoffersimprovedvehiclecontrolanddecreasesstoppingdistancesondryandslipperysurfacesformanydrivers;however,onloosesurfaceslikegravelorsnow-coveredpavement,anABScansignificantlyincrea
3、sebrakingdistance,althoughstillimprovingvehiclecontrol.Sinceinitialwidespreaduseinproductioncars,anti-lockbrakingsystemshaveevolvedconsiderably.Recentversionsnotonlypreventwheellockunderbraking,butalsoelectronicallycontrolthefront-to-rearbrakebias.Thisfunc
4、tion,dependingonitsspecificcapabilitiesandimplementation,isknownaselectronicbrakeforcedistribution(EBD),tractioncontrolsystem,emergencybrakeassist,orelectronicstabilitycontrol(ESC).HistoryEarlysystemsTheABSwasfirstdevelopedforaircraftusein1929bytheFrenchau
5、tomobileandaircraftpioneer,GabrielVoisin,asthresholdbrakingonairplanesisnearlyimpossible.AnearlysystemwasDunlop'sMaxaretsystem,whichwasintroducedinthe1950sandisstillinuseonsomeaircraftmodels.Thesesystemsuseaflywheelandvalveattachedtoahydrauliclinethatfeeds
6、thebrakecylinders.Theflywheelisattachedtoadrumthatrunsatthesamespeedasthewheel.Innormalbraking,thedrumandflywheelshouldspinatthesamespeed.However,ifawheelweretoslowdown,thenthedrumwoulddothesame,leavingtheflywheelspinningatafasterrate.Thiscausesthevalvetoo
7、pen,allowingasmallamountofbrakefluidtobypassthemastercylinderintoalocalreservoir,loweringthepressureonthecylinderandreleasingthebrakes.The18useofthedrumandflywheelmeantthevalveonlyopenedwhenthewheelwasturning.Intesting,a30%improvementinbrakingperformancewa
8、snoted,becausethepilotsimmediatelyappliedfullbrakesinsteadofslowlyincreasingpressureinordertofindtheskidpoint.Anadditionalbenefitwastheeliminationofburnedorbursttires.In1958,aRoyalEnfieldSuperMeteormotorcycle
