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1、固定管板式换热器中文摘要换热器是工业生产中最常用的设备,在不同工作条件下对换热器性能要求不同,它是冷热流体间传递热量的设备。本次设计为固定管板式换热器,固定管板式换热器主要由管箱、管板、壳体、换热管、折流板、拉杆、定距管、封头等组成。固定管板式换热器由两端管板和壳体构成。由于其结构简单,运用比较广泛。固定管板式换热器管程和壳程中,流过不同温度的流体,通过热交换完成换热。当两流体的温度差较大时,为了避免较高的温差应力,通常在壳程的适当位置上,增加一个补偿圈(膨胀节)。当壳体和管束热膨胀不同时,补偿圈发生缓慢的弹性变形来补偿因温差应力引起的热膨胀。在传热计算工艺中,包括
2、传热面积计算,传热量、传热系数的确定和换热器内径及换热管型号的选择,以及传热系数、压降及壁温的验算等问题。在强度计算中主要讨论的是筒体、管箱、封头、管板厚度计算以及折流板、法兰、垫片和接管、支座、等零部件的设计,还要进行一些强度校核。本设计是按照GB151《管壳式换热器》和GB150《钢制压力容器》设计的。换热器在工、农业的各个领域应用十分广泛,在日常生活中传热设备也随处见,是不可缺少的工艺设备之一。随着研究的深入,工业应用取得了令人瞩目的成果。关键词:换热器;设计;校核;固定管板式AbstractHeatexchangeristhemostcommonlyused
3、equipmentinindustrialproduction,therequirementsofdifferentheatexchangerperformanceunderdifferentworkingconditions,itistheequipmentofheattransferbetweencoldandhotfluids.Thedesignforthefixedtubeplateheatexchanger,fixedtubeplateheatexchangerismainlycomposedofatubebox,tubeplate,shell,heatp
4、ipe,baffleplate,rod,tube,headdistanceetc..Fixedtubeplateheatexchangerbythetwoendsoftubeplateandtheshell.Becauseofitssimplestructure,moreextensiveuseof.Fixedtubeplateheatexchangertubesideandshell,throughthefluidofdifferenttemperature,throughtheheatexchangeheat.Whenthetwofluidtemperature
5、differenceislarger,inordertoavoidhightemperaturestress,usuallyintheshellintheappropriatelocation,addingacompensationcoil(expansion).Whentheshellandtubeheatexpansioncompensationringisnotatthesametime,theslowelasticdeformationtocompensateforthethermalstresscausedbythermal.Inthecalculatio
6、noftheheattransferprocess,includingheattransferareacalculation,heattransfer,thedeterminationofheattransfercoefficientandtheheatexchangertubediameterandthechoiceofmodelsoftheheatexchange,andtheheattransfercoefficient,pressuredropandwalltemperaturecalculationetc..Discussiononthecalculati
7、onofstrengthisthedesignofcylinder,tubebox,head,tubeplatethicknesscalculationandthebaffleplate,flange,gasketandtakeover,support,etc,butalsosomestrengthcheck.ThisdesignisinaccordancewiththedesignofGB151《shellandtubetypeheatexchanger》andGB150《steelpressurevessel》Theheatexchangerisveryex